Revenues Obtained from the Export of the Crude Oil and its Derivatives has always been Considered as the Main Source of Government Revenues in Iran. The Sixth Development Plan Passed by Majlis has Emphasized on the Reduction of the Dependence of Government on the Oil Revenues and Increase of Tax Ratio in Order to Spread the Sources of the Tax Revenues. In Discussing Tax Revenues the Recent Approach of the Government was to Increase Tax Revenues through Encouraging the Increase of the Willingness to Pay in the Community which is Affected by Various Factors. One of the Main Determinants of the Willingness to Pay that has been Less Appreciated in Previous Research is Happiness. The Purpose of the this Study was to Investigate the Effects of Happiness on the Willingness to Pay of the Active Taxpayers in the Private Sector of Ahvaz city in Iran During 2017 Using Ordinary Least Square Method. The Results of the Study Indicated that Happiness had a Positive and Significant Effect on the Willingness to Pay of the Tax Payers. In other words, if People Feel more Joyous the Willingness to Pay for Taxes would Increase which Confirms the Results the Hypothesis Testing in the Study. Paying Taxes as a Religious Obligatory was one of the Control Variables that had a Positive Significant Effect on the Willingness to Pay, Meaning that if the Acceptance of the Tax Paying is Considered as a Religious Obligatory the Willingness to Pay would Increase.

Shadegan Wetland is one of the international wetlands registered in the Ramsar Convention. This wetland provide a variety of services, including such services, indirect-use services that include ecosystems protection against external factors, climate change, and so on. Which faces serious problems due to the excessive use of its resources. The main objective of this research is to determine the annual value of the indirect use services of Shadegan wetland. In order to obtain the annual economic value of these services, the willingness to pay (WTP) the contingent valuation method has first been calculated. The data were collected to calculate the willingness to pay through the questionnaire. Then, using the Logit model, the linear model was estimated and significant variables were investigated. In the estimated model, income variables, age, gender, and proposed variables were significant. Using the mean of meaningful variables other than price, the willingness to pay from zero to the highest price per person was 452232 Rls per year. By extending this value to the community, the value of indirect services was estimated at around 197 billion RLs. The willingness to pay annually by each person is based on the choice experiment 70487 Rls, which is less than the conditional valuation method. This difference is due to the nature of the valuation method But in the choice experiment, the choice of services is evaluated in part.

 The aim of the present study, was to estimate the cost of avoiding the consequences of the contamination of drinking water in Ahvaz. The information required for the study collected through the completion of questionnaire in the form of field and scroll with simple sampling method, 90 persons living in the city of Ahvaz in the year 1395. The model used in this study is simple Logit and Multiple Logistic Regression. Based on the results of this study, the annual social cost of avoiding water pollution for users of tap water is equal to zero, for users of mineral water or water purification in market is about 300 billion rials and for users of water purification system at their homes is about 890 billion rials, in total annual social cost for the whole of the inhabitants of the city of Ahwaz is approximately 1190 billion rials.

 Security is the key to every social system, and societies regard social security as one of their main priorities. This concept has two objective and subjective dimensions, which in this research were the main objective of the study of mental dimension, the same sense of social security among the citizens of Dezful. On the other hand, this study estimates the economic value of serving security by the police. In this regard, each of the concepts of value and total economic value-creation was defined, and from among the various dimensions of social security, three dimensions of financial security, human security and moral security were analyzed. In other words, law enforcement must invest this amount of money annually in order to establish a sense of security. Economic values ​​are measured by the concepts of willingness to pay or willingness to accept individuals for changes in security conditions. Therefore, since the executive process in this research is based on selection modeling, the estimation is based on the maximum accuracy and Logit method with random variables, which was performed using STATA 12 software. The results are consistent with the desire to pay with the theory of preferences and the composite RPL model estimates better than simple RPL. The amount of willingness to pay the final annual payment for Dezfouli citizens in order to improve on each of the features of financial, moral, and financial security was estimated at 1529.560, 156.474, 072/154674, 154674 / 072.72. For this purpose, the monetary value of changing the level of feeling of security of individuals from the current situation to the state of improvement from the perspective of the studied society is equal to 37057831645580 USD.

The present study aims to estimate the recreational value of the Shushtar ancient waterfalls and to measure the extent to which the individuals have a tendency to pay for visiting the waterfalls using Travel Cost Method. Shushtar is a city with a 2436 km2 area located at north of Khuzestan province. The ancient waterfalls are situated at the center of the city. They are economically important artifacts because of good tourist attraction. For this reason, the study of its tourism value can be beneficial to predict the requirements, shortages and development of tourism in this area. The required data was collected through questionnaire and a face- to- face interview with 131 visitors of the waterfalls in 2015. For this purpose, the travel cost function was estimated with linear-function form, lin-log, Log- Lin and two-way log. The results showed that the variables of travel costs and individuals' income had negative and positive impacts on the times of visit respectively. Among the existing functional forms, the function log- log one was selected and the demand equation of the waterfalls was estimated. Given the area under the demand curve for recreation, the willingness to pay for the visit is 320570 Rials. By extending this value to the whole rich people, the annually recreational value of the waterfalls was obtained equivalent to 1335 milliard milliard Rials. In the other word, the Shushtar ancient waterfalls generate social interest equivalent to 1335 milliard Rials. Also, the capital value of these waterfalls was estimated as 11625 Rials. Because the above recreational value is significant, the necessity of conservation, development and improvement of the quality and facilities become obvious. Also, the results from this study can be used for setting a suitable entry price.

  air pollution is one of the types of environmental pollution that threatens the survival and health of organisms, including humans. Especially in the past one hundred years after the industrial revolution and the development of industrials technology and production of vehicles, increased levels of pollution in the word. Trees with filtration, absorption and prevent pollutants play a important role in reducing air pollution and they are one of the tools natural in harness of air pollution .therefore, the purpose of this study is estimate the social benefits of preserving and planting the most resistant tree reducing air pollution in the city of ahvaz in 94 years. Date for the study by completing 90 questionnaires were collectmed using stratified random sampling. The choice experiment and random parameter logit (RPL) model were employed to derive nonmarket services values of tree species reducing air pollution. Results indicated the willingness to pay residents of ahvaz increases with the preservation and development of this tree species and increasing urban green space per capita.

The aim of this study was to estimate the value of indirect benefits Karun River in Ahvaz. In order to estimate the value of the experience and characteristics of the river were mixed logit model. The required data from the completed questionnaires were collected from households in Ahwaz in 1394. The results showed that the annual value of social benefits and services in a simple model model compound 124934900000 180664200000 IRR IRR was obtained. Comparing the two models RPL RPL model is simple and functional variables showed that socio-economic variables such as age, education, spending and reduce the willingness to pay was the model compound. The results of this study, it represents a considerable amount of determination and willingness to pay for different characteristics of the river's strong partnership people to improve river services. Therefore, the government should further support measures to improve the quality characteristics of the river. Finally, studies in this field are advised to take protective measures in the river to rise more aggressively pursued.

The importance of energy in different countries has been estimated in different was by using different models and variables. Because of the importance of energy in the production process of different products ,on the one hand ,and its scarcity, on the other hand, economic actors need to pay more attention to the efficient use of the factors of production.in addition, due to the difference between the developing and the developed countries in owning energy resources and using these resources through different technologies ,examining the relation between energy consumption and economic development in the developing countries ,especially Islamic ones ,is of a very high significance.in the present study, the relation between energy consumption and Gross Domestic Production, imports and exports in 20 different Islamic countries from 1990 to 2013 was examined using causality method and panel data. The results showed that there was unilateral relationship from GDP, exports and imports to energy consumption in the studied countries